Mongolia - Country Info

Mongolia, a country of endless expanses and untouched nature, awaits you with a fascinating mix of nomadic tradition and modern development. As one of the least populated countries in the world, Mongolia offers unique experiences for travelers seeking adventure off the beaten path.
Mongolia is located in Central Asia and borders Russia and China to the north and south. With an area of over 1.5 million square kilometers, Mongolia is a land of vast plains, majestic mountains and endless steppes. The capital Ulaanbaatar is the country’s cultural and economic center and offers a fascinating insight into modern Mongolian life.
Mongolia’s history dates back thousands of years and is closely linked to the history of the Mongolian people and the rise of the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan, one of the most famous rulers in Mongolian history, founded the Mongol Empire in the 13th century and conquered an area that stretched from modern-day China to Eastern Europe.

History and culture

Mongolian culture is characterized by the nomadic way of life that has existed for centuries. The cattle breeders, known as nomads, move with their herds of horses, cattle, sheep and goats through the endless expanses of the Mongolian steppe and live in traditional round tents, the so-called “ger”.
Traditional Mongolian culture is expressed in music, dance, crafts and literature. Mongolian music includes traditional instruments such as the horsehead violin (morin khuur) and throat singing (khoomei), which is considered a unique singing technique in the world. Mongolian handicrafts, including the making of carpets, ceramics and jewelry, reflect the country’s rich history and culture.

Geography and climate

Mongolia is known for its breathtaking landscape, characterized by vast steppes, high mountains, deserts and forests. Central Mongolia is characterized by endless expanses and open steppes, while the west of the country is dominated by the majestic Altai Mountains. The Khentii Mountains extend to the north and the Gobi Desert, one of the largest dry deserts in the world, to the south.
The climate in Mongolia is continental with large temperature fluctuations between seasons. Winters are long and cold, with temperatures often falling well below freezing. Summers are short but warm with pleasant daytime temperatures and cool nights. Rainfall in Mongolia is generally low, making the country an ideal destination for outdoor adventures.
Overall, Mongolia offers a unique mix of untouched nature, fascinating history and vibrant culture that captivates every visitor.

Flora and fauna

Mongolia is a country with breathtaking landscapes and a diverse flora and fauna that has adapted to the region’s extreme climatic conditions. Mongolia’s flora varies depending on its geographical location and includes a mix of steppes, deserts, mountains and forests.
In the vastness of the Mongolian steppe, grasses such as feather grass dominate, which is of great importance for the nomads’ grazing animals. Firs, cedars and pines thrive in the higher elevations of the mountains, while dry plants such as the Saxaul tree and various cacti can be found in the desert regions of the Gobi.
The Mongolian fauna is equally diverse and includes an impressive variety of wildlife, including wolves, lynxes, foxes, gazelles and ibex. The Mongolian steppe is also home to large herds of wild horses known as Przewalski’s horses, which are among the last remaining wild horses in the world. The Mongolian steppe eagle is common in the region, as are various birds of prey and water birds in the country’s numerous lakes and rivers.

Population

Mongolia’s population consists primarily of Mongolians, who live primarily in the country’s urban centers and nomadic settlements. The Mongolians are known for their hospitality and warmth in welcoming visitors from all over the world.
The traditional way of life of the Mongols is closely linked to the nomadic culture that has been practiced for centuries. Many Mongolians still live as nomads today and travel through the endless expanses of the Mongolian steppe with their herds of horses, cattle, sheep and goats.
The Mongolians are known for their rich culture and tradition, which is reflected in their art, music, literature and architecture. The Mongolian language, Khalkha Mongolian, is the most widely spoken language in the country and is spoken by most Mongolians.

Religion

The traditional religion of Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism, which has existed since the 16th century. Buddhism has a strongn influence on Mongolian culture and society and plays an important role in the daily lives of many Mongolians.
In addition to Buddhism, Mongolia also has a small Muslim minority who live mainly in the western regions of the country. Islam was introduced to Mongolia in the 17th century and over the centuries has developed its own Mongolian tradition.
In addition to Buddhism and Islam, there are a small number of Christians and followers of traditional Mongolian religions, which include the worship of nature spirits and ancestor worship. Overall, Mongolian society is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and a tolerant attitude towards different faiths.

Traditional food and drinks

Discover the culinary diversity of Mongolia and immerse yourself in the world of traditional food and drinks that reflect the heart of Mongolian culture. From steaming dumplings to refreshing milk drinks, Mongolian cuisine offers a fascinating mix of aromas and flavors to delight every palate.
One of the most popular dishes in Mongolian cuisine are buuz – steamed dumplings with a savory filling of beef or mutton. These delicious dumplings are a must for any visitor who wants to experience the local culture.
Khuushuur are meat-filled dumplings that are fried until crispy and golden brown. These delicious snacks are widely available at local markets and festivals and are popular with locals and tourists alike.
To quench your thirst, be sure to try Airag – a traditional Mongolian drink made from fermented mare’s milk. This refreshing drink is not only delicious, but also a symbol of hospitality and cohesion in Mongolian culture.
For a savory treat, we recommend Suutei Tsai, a salted milk tea that is often served with meals. This unique tea has a sweet and salty taste and is a comforting choice for travelers who want to experience authentic Mongolian cuisine.
Bantan is a hearty soup made from meat, vegetables and noodles that is particularly popular during the cold winter months. This delicious soup warms the body and soul and is a must for anyone who wants to discover the diversity of Mongolian cuisine.
Immerse yourself in the culinary world of Mongolia and let yourself be enchanted by the diverse aromas and flavors that this fascinating country has to offer.

Festivals

Mongolia is known for its rich cultural traditions and celebrates a variety of traditional festivals and events throughout the year. These festivals are closely linked to the country’s nomadic lifestyle and history and offer tourists a unique opportunity to experience Mongolian culture. Here are some of the most important traditional festivals
Naadam: Naadam is the largest and most famous festival in Mongolia and takes place every July. It includes traditional sports such as wrestling, archery and horse racing, as well as cultural events and concerts.
Tsagaan Sar: Tsagaan Sar, also known as Mongolian New Year, is one of the most important festivals of the year. It is celebrated in February or March and marks the beginning of spring. During the festival, families come together to honor each other and celebrate together.
Eagle Festival: The Eagle Festival is an annual event where falconers from all over Mongolia come together to demonstrate their hunting skills. The festival includes competitions, demonstrations and traditional music and dance performances.

Clothing recommendation when traveling to Mongolia

Because of Mongolia’s changeable weather, travelers should bring clothing for all seasons. In summer, light clothing is recommended for warm days and cool nights. In winter, thick clothing and warm boots are essential as temperatures can drop significantly.

What should you take with you when traveling to Mongolia?

Anyone traveling to Mongolia should take sunscreen, a hat, a water bottle, insect repellent and a first-aid kit with essential medications. A translation dictionary or app can also be helpful since not everyone speaks English.

You are not allowed to take anything from Mongolia!

It is important to note that archaeological finds, cultural artifacts and historical items cannot be exported without permission from the Mongolian government. This also includes fossils and minerals.

Usual tip

Tipping is not customary in Mongolia, but restaurants and hotels charge a 10% service fee. If no service fee is charged, travelers can choose a small trigive money.

The usual means of payment/currency in Mongolia

The currency of Mongolia is the Tugrik (MNT). International credit cards are accepted in major cities, but it is advisable to always carry some cash, especially in remote areas.

ATMs and cash withdrawals in Mongolia

ATMs are widely available in larger cities and tourist resorts. Travelers can withdraw money using international credit or debit cards. However, fees may apply for withdrawals abroad.

What is the most popular food in Mongolia?

The most popular dish in Mongolia is Buuz, a meat-filled dumpling that is steamed. Khorkhog, a traditional Mongolian dish made from lamb and vegetables, is also very popular. Drinks include Airag, a fermented drink made from mare’s milk.