India - Country Info

Namaskar – Welcome to India

India is one of the world’s most fascinating travel destinations. It covers approximately 3.29 million square kilometresand is the seventh-largest country on Earth. Moreover, it is home to more than 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and over 100 National Parks.

From the snow-capped Himalayas to Kerala’s tranquil backwaters, India offers extraordinary diversity. Ancient temples stand beside modern cities. Royal palaces overlook vibrant markets. As a result, every region tells a different story.

Whether you dream of visiting the Taj Mahal, exploring Rajasthan’s magnificent forts or relaxing on Goa’s golden beaches, India offers unforgettable experiences. In addition, wildlife lovers can discover Bengal tigers, Asian elephants and one-horned rhinoceroses in spectacular national parks. Wellness travellers, meanwhile, can enjoy authentic Ayurveda retreats in Kerala.

History & Culture of India

India’s rich history and vibrant culture make it one of the world’s most fascinating travel destinations. With a history spanning more than 5,000 years, India is home to one of the oldest continuous civilizations on Earth. As a result, travellers discover an extraordinary blend of ancient traditions, magnificent architecture and living cultural heritage.

From the ancient Indus Valley Civilization to the powerful Maurya, Gupta and Chola Empires, India has shaped art, science, philosophy and religion for centuries. Later, the Mughal Empire introduced architectural masterpieces, while British colonial rule influenced many of the country’s historic cities. Today, these diverse influences continue to define modern India.

Moreover, India’s cultural heritage is recognised around the world. The country is home to 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the iconic Taj Mahal, the temples of Khajuraho, the cave complexes of Ajanta and Ellora, the monuments of Hampi and the magnificent forts of Rajasthan. Each destination tells a different story and reflects a unique chapter of India’s remarkable past.

In addition, India’s culture is brought to life through colourful festivals, sacred rituals, traditional music, classical dance, regional cuisine and local craftsmanship. Whether you visit the spiritual city of Varanasi, the royal palaces of Rajasthanor the ancient temples of Tamil Nadu, you will experience traditions that have been preserved for generations.

Consequently, a journey through India is far more than sightseeing. It is an opportunity to discover one of the world’s richest cultural landscapes and gain a deeper understanding of a civilization that continues to inspire travellers from around the globe.

Cultural Diversity of India

India’s cultural diversity is one of the country’s greatest attractions. Moreover, it is one of the main reasons travellers return again and again. Home to more than 1.4 billion people, 22 official languages and hundreds of ethnic communities, India offers an extraordinary blend of cultures, traditions and religions. As a result, every journey feels different.

A Country of Many Cultures

From the royal palaces of Rajasthan to the peaceful backwaters of Kerala, every region has its own identity. Likewise, the Himalayan monasteries of Ladakh, the spiritual atmosphere of Varanasi and the colonial architecture of Kolkatareveal completely different sides of India. Furthermore, each state celebrates its own festivals, preserves unique customs and follows distinctive traditions. Colourful ceremonies, local markets and family celebrations offer authentic experiences throughout the year. Consequently, travellers discover a new culture wherever they go.

Faith & Spiritual Traditions

Religion is woven into everyday life across India. The country is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. In addition, India is home to thriving Muslim, Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian communities.

Therefore, visitors can explore magnificent temples, peaceful monasteries, grand mosques and historic churches during a single journey. Sacred cities such as Varanasi, Amritsar, Bodh Gaya and Madurai welcome millions of pilgrims every year.

Regional Cuisine

India’s diversity is equally reflected in its cuisine. Meanwhile, every region has its own flavours, spices and cooking traditions. Northern India is famous for rich curries and freshly baked breads. By contrast, Kerala is known for coconut, seafood and fragrant spices. Hyderabad delights visitors with its world-famous biryani, while Gujarat is celebrated for its colourful vegetarian cuisine.

Arts & Living Traditions

India has one of the world’s richest artistic traditions. For example, visitors can enjoy classical dance performances such as Bharatanatyam, Kathak and Kathakali. Moreover, traditional music, colourful festivals and local theatre continue to flourish across the country.

Handwoven silk, fine embroidery, intricate jewellery and handcrafted ceramics remain an important part of daily life. As a result, local markets and artisan villages offer unique opportunities to experience India’s living heritage.

Warm Hospitality

Above all, India’s greatest treasure is its people. Guests are welcomed with genuine warmth and hospitality wherever they travel. Whether you stay in a luxury palace hotel, visit a rural village or explore a bustling city, you will experience traditions that have been preserved for generations. Ultimately, these personal encounters transform a holiday into an unforgettable journey.

Geography & Climate of India

India’s extraordinary geography is one of the main reasons it offers such diverse travel experiences. Covering approximately 3.29 million square kilometres, it is the seventh-largest country in the world. As a result, travellers can discover snow-capped mountains, vast deserts, tropical forests, fertile plains and idyllic beaches within a single country.

Diverse Landscapes

From the towering Himalayas in the north to the tropical shores of the Indian Ocean in the south, every region has its own character. Meanwhile, the sacred Ganges and Yamuna rivers flow across the fertile northern plains, where some of India’s oldest cities were founded. Further west, the golden Thar Desert creates a striking contrast with Rajasthan’s colourful forts and heritage palaces. In contrast, the lush Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are covered with evergreen rainforests, tea plantations and spice gardens. Along the coast, more than 7,500 kilometres of shoreline reveal beautiful beaches, historic ports and tropical islands such as the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.

Climate Across the Country

India’s climate varies greatly from one region to another. Therefore, there is always an ideal destination to visit, regardless of the season. Northern India experiences four distinct seasons, while Southern India enjoys a tropical climate throughout the year.

The Southwest Monsoon, which usually arrives between June and September, brings welcome rainfall to much of the country. Consequently, forests become lush, waterfalls flow at their fullest and tea plantations turn brilliant shades of green.

Best Time to Visit India

For most travellers, the best time to visit Delhi, Agra, Rajasthan, Varanasi and Madhya Pradesh is between October and March. During these months, temperatures are pleasant and conditions are ideal for sightseeing, wildlife safaris and cultural tours.

Meanwhile, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Goa are particularly enjoyable between November and March, when humidity is lower and sunny days are perfect for beach holidays, backwater cruises and Ayurveda retreats. Likewise, the Himalayan regions, including Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and Sikkim, are best explored between May and September, when mountain passes are open and the scenery is at its most spectacular.

A Destination for Every Season

India offers rewarding travel experiences throughout the year. Whether you dream of exploring the Himalayas, discovering Rajasthan’s royal heritage, relaxing on Kerala’s palm-fringed backwaters or enjoying a luxury wildlife safari in Central India, there is always a perfect season to travel. As a result, every journey can be tailored to match your interests and the time of year.

Flora & Fauna of India

India is one of the world’s 17 megadiverse countries, making it a paradise for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. From the snow-covered Himalayas to the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, every region supports unique ecosystems and remarkable biodiversity. As a result, India is home to nearly 8% of the world’s recorded species, including many plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth.

Extraordinary Landscapes

India’s diverse landscapes create ideal habitats for an incredible variety of flora. Meanwhile, the Himalayas are famous for alpine meadows, rhododendron forests and ancient cedar trees. Further south, the Western Ghats are covered with evergreen rainforests, tea plantations, bamboo forests and fragrant spice gardens. Along the coast, the mangrove forests of Sundarbans National Park and the coral reefs of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands protect some of the country’s most valuable ecosystems.

Iconic Wildlife

India is one of the best places in the world to experience wildlife in its natural habitat. For example, Bandhavgarh, Kanha, Ranthambore, Pench and Satpura National Parks are renowned for their Bengal tiger population. Likewise, Periyar National Park is famous for wild Asian elephants, while Gir National Park in Gujarat is the only place where Asiatic lions still live in the wild.

Furthermore, the Himalayan region shelters elusive snow leopards, red pandas and Himalayan tahr. In addition, India’s forests, wetlands and grasslands support more than 1,300 bird species, including hornbills, kingfishers, bee-eaters and colourful parakeets. Consequently, India has become one of Asia’s leading destinations for birdwatching and wildlife photography.

Protecting India’s Natural Heritage

India has made significant progress in wildlife conservation. Today, more than 100 National Parks, over 550 Wildlife Sanctuaries and numerous Biosphere Reserves protect the country’s exceptional biodiversity. Therefore, endangered species such as the Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, Asiatic lion and Asian elephant continue to recover in many protected areas.

Whether you dream of a luxury tiger safari, birdwatching in world-famous wetlands or exploring ancient rainforests, India’s extraordinary flora and fauna promise unforgettable experiences. Above all, they reveal a side of the country that is as inspiring as its rich history and vibrant culture.

Festivals & Celebrations in India

India is renowned for its colourful festivals and vibrant celebrations, which reflect the country’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Throughout the year, thousands of festivals take place across the country. As a result, every season offers visitors the opportunity to experience unique traditions, music, dance and local customs.

Diwali – The Festival of Lights (October or November)

Diwali is India’s most celebrated festival and is observed by millions of people every October or November. Homes, temples and streets are illuminated with oil lamps and colourful lights, symbolising the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. Moreover, fireworks, family gatherings and traditional sweets create an unforgettable atmosphere throughout the country.

Holi – The Festival of Colours (March)

Holi celebrates the arrival of spring and usually takes place in March. During the festival, people throw brightly coloured powders, dance to traditional music and enjoy festive food. Consequently, cities such as Jaipur, Mathura and Vrindavan become some of the most exciting places to experience this joyful celebration.

Navratri & Durga Puja (September or October)

Navratri is celebrated over nine nights during September or October and honours the Divine Goddess with traditional dances, music and religious ceremonies. Meanwhile, Durga Puja, celebrated at the same time, transforms Kolkata into a spectacular open-air festival featuring elaborate artistic displays, colourful processions and cultural performances.

Kumbh Mela (January–March, every 3 years in rotation)

The Kumbh Mela is the world’s largest religious gathering and is held between January and March according to a rotating schedule among Prayagraj, Haridwar, Nashik and Ujjain. Every twelve years, each city hosts the full Kumbh Mela, attracting millions of Hindu pilgrims who gather for sacred bathing rituals.

Onam (August or September)

Onam is Kerala’s most important festival and takes place during August or September. It celebrates the annual harvest with colourful flower carpets (Pookalam), spectacular snake boat races, traditional dances and the famous Onam Sadya, a festive vegetarian banquet served on banana leaves.

Pushkar Camel Fair (October or November)

The Pushkar Camel Fair is held every October or November in Rajasthan. It combines one of the world’s largest camel and livestock fairs with folk music, traditional dances, cultural performances and vibrant local markets, offering visitors an unforgettable glimpse into Rajasthan’s rural traditions.

Pongal (January)

Pongal is celebrated every January in Tamil Nadu to mark the harvest season. Families prepare traditional dishes, decorate their homes with colourful kolam patterns and give thanks for a successful harvest through religious ceremonies and community celebrations.

Time Difference from the United Kingdom & Ireland

Time Difference from the United States East Coast

As a result, travellers from New York and the US East Coast should allow time to adjust to the time difference, especially after overnight long-haul flights. Arriving one day before starting a sightseeing tour is highly recommended.

Time Difference from the United States West Coast

Furthermore, the larger time difference from the US West Coast may increase the effects of jet lag. Therefore, we recommend to spend first day relaxing before beginning a tour of India.

Clothing Recommendations for India

Packing for India depends on the season, the regions you plan to visit and the activities included in your itinerary. However, lightweight, comfortable clothing is suitable for most destinations throughout the year. Natural fabrics such as cotton and linen are highly recommended, especially during the warmer months.

Northern India

For destinations such as Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Varanasi and Ranthambore, lightweight clothing is ideal between October and March. However, mornings and evenings can be cool, particularly between December and February. Therefore, a light jacket, sweater or scarf is recommended.

Southern India

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa and other southern regions have a tropical climate throughout the year. Therefore, breathable clothing, comfortable sandals, sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat are ideal. Lightweight rainwear is also useful during the monsoon season.

The Himalayas

Travelling to Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand or Sikkim requires warmer clothing. Depending on the season, temperatures can change quickly, especially at higher altitudes. Layered clothing, a warm fleece or insulated jacket, comfortable hiking shoes and sun protection are highly recommended.

Temples & Sacred Sites

India is a deeply spiritual country. Therefore, modest clothing is appreciated when visiting temples, mosques, monasteries and other places of worship. Both men and women should ensure that their shoulders and knees are covered. In addition, shoes must usually be removed before entering religious sites, so comfortable slip-on footwear is particularly practical.

Wildlife Safaris

Neutral-coloured clothing in shades of khaki, beige, olive or brown is recommended for wildlife safaris. Avoid bright colours, as they may disturb wildlife. Comfortable walking shoes, a lightweight jacket for early morning game drives and a hat are also advisable.

Essential Travel Items

To ensure a comfortable journey, we recommend packing:

• Lightweight cotton or linen clothing
• A light sweater or jacket for cooler evenings
• Comfortable walking shoes
• Sandals or slip-on shoes
• Sun hat and sunglasses
• High-SPF sunscreen
• Insect repellent
• A lightweight rain jacket or travel umbrella during the monsoon season
• A scarf or shawl for visiting religious sites

Travel Smart

India’s climate varies greatly between regions. Consequently, packing versatile clothing is the best approach. Whether you are exploring royal palaces in Rajasthan, enjoying a luxury backwater cruise in Kerala or discovering the Himalayan mountains, the right clothing will help you travel comfortably throughout your journey.

Customs Regulations in India

Before travelling to India, it is important to become familiar with the country’s customs regulations. Although most visitors pass through customs without difficulty, understanding the basic rules will help ensure a smooth arrival.

Duty-Free Allowances

Most personal belongings, including clothing, cameras, laptops and mobile phones intended for personal use during your holiday, can be brought into India without any issues. However, valuable items imported for commercial purposes may be subject to customs duties and additional documentation.

If you are carrying high-value goods or large quantities of new items, you should check the latest customs regulations before departure.

Currency & Cash

There is no restriction on bringing foreign currency into India. However, travellers carrying large amounts of cash may be required to declare it to Indian customs upon arrival. Therefore, it is advisable to keep proof of currency exchange and relevant financial documents.

Restricted & Prohibited Items

Certain goods are prohibited or restricted from entering India. These include:

• Illegal drugs and narcotics
• Firearms, ammunition and explosives
• Counterfeit currency and counterfeit goods
• Protected wildlife products, including ivory and endangered animal products
• Certain plants, seeds and agricultural products
• Pornographic or illegal material

Furthermore, some medicines containing controlled substances may require a doctor’s prescription. Therefore, travellers should carry medication in its original packaging together with a copy of the prescription.

Drones & Electronic Equipment

Drones are subject to Indian regulations and may require prior permission or registration before use. Likewise, professional filming equipment intended for commercial purposes may require special permits. If you plan to travel with specialised equipment, check the latest requirements before your departure.

Helpful Travel Tips

To make your arrival as smooth as possible:

• Keep your passport and travel documents easily accessible.
• Carry receipts for valuable electronic equipment if requested.
• Pack prescription medicines in your hand luggage.
• Declare any items that require customs clearance.
• Follow the instructions of customs officers at all times.

Before You Travel

Customs regulations may change without prior notice. Therefore, we recommend checking the latest information with the Indian Customs Department, your airline or the nearest Indian Embassy or Consulate before travelling. Staying informed will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable start to your journey in India.

Tipping in India

Tipping is customary in India and is widely appreciated as a gesture of gratitude for good service. Although it is generally not mandatory, it has become a common part of the tourism and hospitality industry. Therefore, carrying a small amount of Indian Rupees (INR) in cash is useful during your trip.

Hotels & Restaurants

Most hotels and upscale restaurants include a service charge in the bill. However, if no service charge has been added and you are satisfied with the service, a tip of 5–10% is considered appropriate.

Porters at hotels usually receive INR 100–200 per bag, while housekeeping staff are typically tipped INR 200–500 per room per night, depending on the standard of the hotel and the level of service.

Private Guides & Drivers

For travellers on private or tailor-made tours, local guides and drivers play an important role in creating a memorable experience. Consequently, tipping is a thoughtful way to recognise their professionalism and service.

As a general guideline:

Safari Lodges & Luxury Camps

Luxury safari lodges often provide excellent personal service. In addition, many properties offer a communal staff tip box at reception. This allows guests to thank the entire team equally. Individual tips for exceptional service are always appreciated.

Spa & Ayurveda Resorts

Many luxury spas and Ayurveda retreats include service charges in their prices. However, if tips are not included, guests often leave 5–10% of the treatment cost or INR 500–1,000 for outstanding service.

Good to Know

Tipping is always voluntary and should reflect the quality of service you receive. Above all, a genuine smile, kindness and respect are valued just as much as a monetary tip. If you are travelling with Travel Mart TM, your guide will be happy to advise you on local tipping customs throughout your journey.

Currency & Payments in India

The official currency of India is the Indian Rupee (INR). Banknotes are available in denominations of ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100, ₹200, ₹500, ₹2,000 (although ₹2,000 notes are no longer widely circulated). Coins are issued in ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10 and ₹20.

Paying in India

Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in luxury hotels, upscale restaurants, shopping malls and larger retail stores. However, smaller shops, local markets, cafés and street vendors often accept cash only. Therefore, it is advisable to carry a small amount of Indian Rupees for everyday purchases.

ATMs & Cash Withdrawals

ATMs are widely available in cities, airports and popular tourist destinations. Moreover, most international Visa, Mastercard and American Express cards can be used to withdraw cash. Nevertheless, it is a good idea to withdraw sufficient cash before travelling to remote areas or national parks, where ATM facilities may be limited.

Digital Payments

India has become one of the world’s leading countries for digital payments. Today, many businesses accept contactless card payments and QR code transactions through the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). However, UPI is primarily designed for Indian bank accounts. International visitors should therefore continue to rely on credit cards and cash during their journey.

Exchanging Money

Foreign currency can be exchanged at international airports, authorised exchange bureaux and most major banks. In addition, many luxury hotels offer currency exchange services for their guests. To receive the best exchange rates, authorised exchange offices are generally recommended.

Good to Know

Before travelling, inform your bank that you will be using your cards in India. Furthermore, check whether your bank charges international transaction or ATM withdrawal fees. Carrying two different payment cards is also advisable in case one card cannot be accepted.

For convenience, it is best to use credit cards for hotels and larger purchases, while keeping Indian Rupees (INR) for local markets, taxis, small restaurants and gratuities. As a result, you will be well prepared for almost every payment situation during your journey through India.

Vaccinations for India

No vaccinations are legally required for most travellers entering India directly from Europe, the United Kingdom, Ireland or the United States. However, it is recommended to consult your family doctor or a travel medicine specialist 6–8 weeks before departure to discuss your personal vaccination requirements.

Recommended Vaccinations

Depending on your itinerary, travel style and length of stay, the following vaccinations are commonly recommended:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Tetanus
• Diphtheria
• Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
• Polio
• Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR)
• Typhoid (for extended travel or rural areas)
• Rabies (for longer stays, trekking or close contact with animals)
• Japanese Encephalitis (for long stays in rural regions or during the monsoon season)

Yellow Fever

A Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is only required if you are arriving from, or have recently travelled through, a country where Yellow Fever is present. Travellers arriving directly from Europe, the United Kingdom, Ireland or North America do not normally require this vaccination.

Health Advice

In addition to vaccinations, simple precautions can help you stay healthy during your trip. Therefore, drink bottled or filtered water, choose freshly prepared food, protect yourself from mosquito bites and use sunscreen in warmer regions. Travellers taking prescription medication should carry it in its original packaging together with a copy of the prescription.

Before You Travel

Vaccination recommendations may change over time. Therefore, always check the latest advice from your doctor, travel clinic or national health authority before travelling to India. This will ensure you receive the most appropriate recommendations for your individual itinerary and medical history.